Diseño y validación de un modelo competencial de planificación y evaluación en formación profesional a partir de los ciclos formativos de grado básico

The Basic Vocational Education Cycle constitutes an educational level conceived as an opportunity to transform school failure into success through the recovery and re-engagement of students toward new educational and professional pathways. The aim of the study is to design and validate a competency-based model for planning and assessment in this first level of Vocational Education and Training. It is a case study carried out in the Basic Vocational Education Cycle (CFGB) in Administrative Services at Santa Catalina Labouré School in Pamplona. The instruments used include documentary analysis, interviews, focus groups, and ad hoc questionnaires. Participants include legal documents, experts, teaching staff, former students, and schools in Navarra that offer CFGB programs in Administrative and Commercial Services.The results show an entry profile characterized by low self-concept, lack of motivation, emotional difficulties, communication deficits, and competency gaps in different areas. The study highlights the crucial role of teachers’ tutorial action, which combines socioemotional, pedagogical, and technical knowledge and resources. The proposed competencybased model incorporates projects, learning situations, and assessment tools such as the portfolio; it organizes assessment into blocks aligned with the descriptors of the Graduation Profile and prioritizes linguistic communication, personal and social competence, learning to learn, and digital competence. Validation of the model confirms its relevance, clarity, applicability, and transferability, while revealing that its sustainability requires coordination, training, resources, and institutional support.